Homework for 09/10/2015

Since we already talked about the answer in class I think I'll just post my notes.
Types of documentaries (Documentary Screens, Creative Documentary):

Cinema-verite:
NOT "Be really objective with no voice-over" That is called "Direct cinema"
Follow the action as it unfolds. "Fly on the wall"

What is cinema-verite?
The camera is explicitly participating in the event. The filmmaking process was a significant part of the film. Using your role as a filmmaker to get to the truth, and showing this process to show the truth.

Documentary genres/Modes of representation:

Interactive/participatory

• Filmmakers interview or interact with subjects.
• Narrative is created by the dialogue between interviewer and subject

Observational

• "Fly on the wall"
• Core form: No interviews and no commentary. Consists of recording unfolding events, long takes, synchronous sound and shaky shots.
• The presence of the camera is not supposed to influence the unfolding events

Expository

• "Classic" documentary form
• Voice of "God" narration
• Presents a "truth of the matter"
• Addresses social issues, explains certain phenomena
• The narration dictates the images, and holds the documentary together

Reflexive

• Intention is to reveal the production process of the film itself
• Make the viewer aware that he/she is watching a film (Also participatory)
• Exposes objectivity by revealing the filmmakers subjectivity
• Can be critical to the documentary medium

Performative

• The filmmaker takes on different roles to provoke, elicit, persuade, cajole or seduce their subjects into revealing feelings, ideas, fantasies of wishes.
• The documentary itself "performs" and draws attention to itself
• Emphasis of experimentation

Poetic

• Emphasis on personal approach to the historical world
• Uses juxtaposition, association and reflection to mix a variety of shots and sequences of diverse locations. (Samsara, man with a camera??)
• Narrative is not driven by logic but rather association, ideas, feelings, fantasies, experiences and reflections. (Uses categorical form?

Documentary genres (Film Art):
Compilation film

• Produced from compiled archive footage

Interview/Talking head documentary

• Records testimony about events or social movements
• Uses medium and close shots of real people retelling their experiences

Direct cinema

• Follows an event as it unfolds

Nature

• About our world, animal and plant life.

Portrait

• Centers on scenes from the life of a compelling person.

Synthetic documentary

• Common in television journalism
• Mixes several genres together

(From the book Creative Documentary)

Experimental film

• Explores the medium using different gimmicks
• Does not have to tell a story
• Subgenre: Found-footage films
• Using random footage to create something new
• Can express feelings, interesting visuals
• Challenges the viewer
• Can use all forms, including abstract and associational.

Form:
The way a documentary is put together/organised. Logic of the film.

Categorical form

• Often begins by identifying its subject
• Patterns of development will usually be simple (small to large, local to national, personal to public etc.)
• Maintains interest by choosing broad and or weird categories. Often mixed with other forms.

Rhetorical form:

• Filmmaker presents a persuasive argument
• Commercials use it
• Adresses the viewer openly
• Tries to make the viewer realise something, possibly act on it
• Uses argumentation and evidence to convince the viewer that the filmmakers position view is the most plausible
• Often appeals to our emotions
• Often persuades you to change something in your everyday life
• Ways of argument:
• Arguments using a source
• First-hand accounts
• Expert testimony
• Subject-centered arguments
• Appeals to beliefs common at the time in a given culture (Trying to contradict it or use it)
• Examples, not always well grounded, that support its point (Such as in commercials)
• Exploit familiar argumentative patterns (enthymemes) (Here is a problem, we solved it! This solution is obviously best!)
• Viewer-centered arguments
• Appeal to the emotions of the viewer (using symbolic items for example)
• Typical four part structure:
• Introduction of the situation
• Discussion of relevant facts
• Presents proof of given solution that fits the facts
• Ends with epilogue that summarizes what has come before

Abstract form

• Organised around colours, shapes, sizes and movements in the images
• The content does not need to be abstract

Associational form

• Images and sounds are juxtaposed (placed side by side, especially for comparison or contrast) so that we try to look for a connection, - an association that binds them together.
• Doesn't use rhetorical tricks
• Often has a point to make
• Typically images are grouped in larger sets, each creating a distinct unified part of the film
• Often has repeated motifs that reinforce associational connections.
• Strongly invites interpretation
• Can have both a clear and unclear meaning

The film: (Land without bread)
Staged, throwing goats off cliffs.
Gets involved with the subjects both verbally and physically
Comments on midgets, calling them degenerates. Argues for this.
"We had difficulty photographing them" Narrates about the creative process
"Here is another type of idiot"
"Quoting" the old woman
The darn goats getting killed.

Genre:
Expository

• "Classic" documentary form
• Voice of "God" narration
• Presents a "truth of the matter"
• Addresses social issues, explains certain phenomena
• (The narration dictates the images, and holds the documentary together) No!

(Somewhat reflexive)

• The trouble he had interviewing the midgets
• Brings attention to the fact that they are doing a documentary

Participatory

• Examining the little girls mouth

Form:
Rhetorical form

• Shows how behind the times the people are, argues this.

What this REALLY is:
Critiques the expository form.
The distance from the events unfolding is too great.
Music does not match. (Not particularly sad music during the baby is dead sequence)
Narration does not always match what we see. (The midget who supposedly was 25)